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Food and Drug Administration
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments. The FDA is responsible for protecting and promoting public health through the regulation and supervision of food safety, tobacco products, dietary supplements, prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceutical drugs (medications), vaccines, biopharmaceuticals, blood transfusions, medical devices, electromagnetic radiation emitting devices (ERED), cosmetics, animal foods & feed〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Animal Food & Feeds )〕 and veterinary products.
The FDA was empowered by the United States Congress to enforce the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, which serves as the primary focus for the Agency; the FDA also enforces other laws, notably Section 361 of the Public Health Service Act and associated regulations, many of which are not directly related to food or drugs. These include regulating lasers, cellular phones, condoms and control of disease on products ranging from certain household pets to sperm donation for assisted reproduction.
The FDA is led by the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Commissioner reports to the Secretary of Health and Human Services. The Dr. Stephen Ostroff is the current acting commissioner, who took over for Dr. Margaret Hamburg who resigned in March 2015.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=FDA head Margaret Hamburg to resign in March; Ostroff to be acting chief )〕
The FDA has its headquarters in unincorporated White Oak, Maryland. The agency also has 223 field offices and 13 laboratories located throughout the 50 states, the United States Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico. In 2008, the FDA began to post employees to foreign countries, including China, India, Costa Rica, Chile, Belgium, and the United Kingdom.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=FDA's International Posts: Improving the Safety of Imported Food and Medical Products )〕
==Organization==
The FDA is an agency within the Department of Health and Human Services. The agency consists of fourteen Centers and Offices:〔The quoted text from the source indicates "9" but the actual count from the website indicates "14".〕
* Department of Health and Human Services
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* Food and Drug Administration
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* Office of the Commissioner
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* Office of Operations
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* Office of Equal Employment Opportunity
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* Office of Human Resources
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* Office of Finance, Budget and Acquisition
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* Office of Information Management and Technology
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* Office of Informatics & Technology Innovation
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* Director: Taha A. Kass-Hout (also holds post of Chief Health Informatics Officer for the FDA)
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* Office of Information Management
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* Office of Security Operations
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* Office of Facilities Engineering and Mission Support Services
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* Office of Policy, Planning, Legislation, and Analysis
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* Office of Medical Products and Tobacco
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* Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER)
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* Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH)
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* Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER)
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* Center for Tobacco Products (CTP)
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* Office of Foods and Veterinary Medicine
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* Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM)
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* Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN)
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* Office of Global Regulatory Operations and Policy (GO)
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* National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR)
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* Office of Regulatory Affairs
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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